tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87432914169321592152024-03-06T11:50:02.593+07:00SiDesignShort's Blog!Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-8967711880514540542013-06-28T15:55:00.002+07:002013-06-28T16:02:21.963+07:00Kampus teknologi informasi<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: left;">
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Disini saya akan menjelaskan tentang <i><b>Kampus teknologi informasi</b></i> yaitu <a href="http://www.budiluhur.ac.id/" target="_blank">Universitas Budiluhur</a>. Nah Program studi inilah yang di cari oleh para lulusan SMA/SMK pada masa-masa sekarang, dan pastinya dimasa yang akan datang pula, Program studi Teknologi informasi ini pun sangat diperlukan. di <i><b>Perguruan tinggi di Jakarta</b></i>, Universitas Budiluhur adalah Kampus yang sangat di unggulkan di daerah Jakarta Selatan ini, bagaimana tidak, masing-masing Program studi teknologi mempunyai prestasi tersendiri di bidang-bidangnya. Oh iya, kalian perlu ketahui di Fakultas Teknologi Informasi di Universitas Budiluhur, terdapat beberapa Program studi, yaitu:</div>
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a. <b>Sistem Informasi</b></div>
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Nah, Kampus Budi Luhur memiliki tujuan untuk mempunyai Program studi Sistem Informasi yaitu, Mampu memahami dan menguasai konsep, teknik dan bahasa pemrograman untuk membuat program komputer & Mempunyai wawasan dan menguasai pengetahuan teknologi informasi dan
menggunakan disiplin sains dan rekayasa untuk membangun sistem informasi
berbasis komputer pada manajemen dan bisnis, dan mengimplementasikan
dengan menggunakan metode, teknik dan alat bantu dan dokumentasinya. Prospek Kelulusan dari Program studi Sistem informasi ini yaitu:</div>
<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: left;">
<li>Programmer</li>
<li>Database Administrator</li>
<li>Sistem Analis</li>
<li>Network Administrator</li>
<li>Web Designer</li>
<li>Web Administrator<span lang="SV"><br />
</span></li>
<li><span lang="SV">Semua bidang yang berkaitan dengan penyajian</span> informasi dengan alat bantu komputer (Computer Based Information System)</li>
</ul>
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b. <b>Sistem Komputer</b></div>
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Kalian tahu robot?apa kalian mampu membuatnya tanpa ada orang yang berpengalaman?Serta, apa anda mampu mengetahui nama peralatan untuk membuatnya?disini lah tempatnya, Program studi di Universitas Budiluhur mempunyai banyak sekali prestasi, salah satu contohnya yaitu mahasiswa yang selalu berprestasi dalam memenangkan pertandingan Kontes robot. Baru-baru ini, Sabtu, 11 Mei 2013 memenangkan perlombaan Kontes Robot Indonesia, memang harus kita acungkan jempol. Prospek kelulusan untuk Program studi Sistem Komputer yaitu:</div>
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<li>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 830;">
<span lang="EN-US">System Engineer</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 820;">
<span lang="EN-US">Network Administrator berbasis PLC</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 810;">
<span lang="EN-US">Computer Spesialis</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 800;">
<span lang="EN-US">Riset and Development Engineer</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 800;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 800;">
<span lang="EN-US">c. <b>Teknik Informatika</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 800;">
<span lang="EN-US"> Nah, ini dia salah satunya yang paling di cari di kalangan</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US">anak muda global sekarang dalam persaingan teknologi di masa </span><br />
<span lang="EN-US">sekarang, memang sangat dibutuhkan wawasan tentang struktur</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US">teknologi, seiiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, Kampus Budiluhur</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US">lah yang selalu melakukan perkembangan, sebab Dosen selalu</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US">memberikan materi yang ter-update </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 800;">
<span lang="EN-US">pada masa sekarang yang kita perlukan untuk bekal kita dalam bekerja</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US">nanti. Prospek kelulusan Program studi Teknik Informatika,yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 800;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 800;">
<ul>
<li>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 820;">
<span lang="EN-US">Mengembangkan & mengaplikasikan teknologi komputer </span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 810;">
<span lang="EN-US">Electronic Data Processing Manager</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 800;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sistem Analis</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 790;">
<span lang="EN-US">Analis & Desain Web </span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 780;">
<span lang="EN-US">Networking</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 770;">
<span lang="EN-US">Information Technology Support.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt; z-index: 770;">
<span lang="EN-US"> </span><br />
Bagi kalian yang masih penasaran dan ingin masuk ke<i><b>Perguruan </b></i><br />
<i><b>tinggi di Jakarta</b></i> , maka anda bisa melihat di Website<br />
<a href="http://www.budiluhur.ac.id/" target="_blank">Universitas </a><a href="http://www.budiluhur.ac.id/" target="_blank">Budiluhur</a>
atau anda bisa langsung datang<br />
ke Lokasi Jl.Ciledug Raya, Petukangan
Utara, Jakarta Selatan,<br />
12260. DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. dan ini dia,
Telp: 021-585<br />
3753 Fax: 021-585 3752, Info lainnya bisa anda dapatkan<br />
dengan bergabung di <a href="http://www.facebook.com/groups/21022340014/" target="_blank">Facebook</a> dan <a href="https://twitter.com/kampusbudiluhur" target="_blank">Twitter</a> Universitas Budi<br />
Luhur.</div>
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</li>
</ul>
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</li>
</ul>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-9227813810748539482013-06-28T10:44:00.001+07:002013-06-28T10:48:18.647+07:00Universitas terbaik Jakarta<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
Kali ini saya akan memberitahukan kepada anda <i><b>Kampus terbaik</b></i> yang berada di daerah jakarta selatan, tidak lain adalah <a href="http://www.budiluhur.ac.id/" rel="" target="_blank">Universitas Budiluhur</a>.</div>
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<a href="http://www.budiluhur.ac.id%20%20%20%20%20%20%20/" target="_blank">Universitas Budiluhur</a> adalah <i><b>Perguruan tinggi swasta</b></i> di Jakarta, berlokasi di Jl. Ciledug Raya, Petukangan Utara, Jakarta Selatan, 12260. DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Universitas budiluhur memiliki Prgoram Studi yaitu:</div>
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1. Diploma 3</div>
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a. Akademi Sekretari</div>
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b. D3 Unggulan FTI</div>
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2. Program Khusus</div>
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a. Executive Class</div>
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</span>
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Disini kalian akan bisa berkuliah, namun anda bisa tetap beraktivitas seperti biasa dalam hal pekerjaan, sebab waktu kuliahnya sangatlah jarang-jarang sekali di universitas lainnya, dimulai dari Senin – Jumat : 18.30 – 21.00 dan Sabtu : 09.00 – 17.00. terlebih lagi <b><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></b>dengan mengikuti program kuliah efektif ini, mahasiswa akan mendapatkan kemudahan-kemudahan antara lain :</div>
<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li>Tidak perlu mengikuti PLK/OSPEK</li>
<li>Kuliah diselenggarakan diluar jam kerja</li>
<li>Kuliah diselenggarakan secara periodik (bukan kuartal atau semester)</li>
<li>Tidak ada sumbangan gedung</li>
<li>Memiliki hak yang sama seperti mahasiswa kelas reguler </li>
</ul>
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</div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
b. International Class </div>
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c.Jakarta Broadcasting school</div>
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d. Budi Luhur Learning Centre</div>
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<br /></div>
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3. Strata 1</div>
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a. Fakultas Ekonomi</div>
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<i><b> </b></i>b. Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi</div>
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c. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik</div>
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d. Fakultas Teknik</div>
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e. Fakultas Teknologi Informasi</div>
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4. Strata 2</div>
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a. MagisterAkuntansi</div>
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b. Magister Ilmu Komputer</div>
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c. Magister Manajemen</div>
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<br /></div>
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Nah, kalian sudah pada tahu kan Program Studi dari Diploma 3 hingga Strata 2?Bagi kalian yang ingin tahu Visi dan Misi <a href="http://www.budiluhur.ac.id/" target="_blank">Universitas Budiluhur</a>, ini dia.</div>
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<b>VISI</b></div>
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</span>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;">
Menjadi Universitas unggulan di
Indonesia berbasis teknologi Informasi dan komunikasi untuk mencapai
standar mutu tertinggi pada tahun 2020 yang menghasilkan lulusan cerdas
berbudi luhur</div>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
</span>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<b>MISI</b></div>
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</span>
<ol style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; list-style-type: decimal; padding-left: 18px;">
<li style="text-align: justify;">Menyelenggarakan pendidikan berbasis kompetensi untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang unggul dan mampu bersaing di Indonesia.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Memfasilitasi dan memotivasi sivitas
akademika untuk dapat memiliki hak atas kekayaan intelektual sebagai
aktualitas pencapaian mutu penelitian.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Melakukan kegiatan yang bermanfaat bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat luas sebagai bentuk nyata kepedulian universitas.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Menyelenggarakan kerjasama dengan institusi pemerintah maupun swasta dengan prinsip kesetaraan.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Menyelenggarakan perguruan tinggi dengan akuntabilitas, kemandirian dan tata kelola berbasis sistem mutu.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Mewujudkan manajemen akademik yang mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi dan kualitas hidup seluruh sivitas akademika. </li>
</ol>
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Perlu anda ketahui, di Universitas Budiluhur memiliki banyak jenis prestasi yang anda mungkin belum mengetahuinya, dan kalian bisa ikut andil dalam prestasi - prestasi yang telah Universitas Budiluhur dapatkan. Bagi kalian yang masih penasaran dan ingin masuk ke <i style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><b>Perguruan tinggi di Jakarta</b></i><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> , maka anda bisa melihat di Website </span><a href="http://www.budiluhur.ac.id/" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;" target="_blank">Universitas Budiluhur</a><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> atau anda bisa langsung datang ke Lokasi Jl. Ciledug Raya, Petukangan Utara, Jakarta Selatan, 12260. DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. dan ini dia, Telp: 021-585 3753 Fax: 021-585 3752, Info lainnya bisa anda dapatkan dengan bergabung di <a href="http://www.facebook.com/groups/21022340014/" target="_blank">Facebook</a> dan <a href="https://twitter.com/kampusbudiluhur" target="_blank">Twitter</a> Universitas Budi Luhur.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-91426316162106351582013-03-17T14:06:00.000+07:002013-03-17T14:06:06.125+07:00Interrupt Handling Methods<ul>
<li style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><b><span class="hps">Multiple</span> <span class="hps">Interrupt</span> <span class="hps">Lines</span></b><span>: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The simplest</span> <span class="hps">technique</span> <span class="hps">is to use a</span> <span class="hps">large number of</span> <span class="hps">interrupt</span> <span class="hps">lines</span> <span class="hps">(Multiple</span> <span class="hps">Interrupt</span> <span class="hps">Lines</span><span>)</span> <span class="hps">between the</span> <span class="hps">CPU</span> <span class="hps">module and</span> <span class="hps">I /</span> <span class="hps">O.</span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>Software Poll</b>: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The process</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">if the</span> <span class="hps">CPU is</span> <span class="hps">aware of</span> <span class="hps">an</span> <span class="hps">interrupt</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">CPU</span> <span class="hps">will go to</span> <span class="hps">service</span> <span class="hps">interruption</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">perform</span> <span class="hps">functions</span> <span class="hps">poll</span> <span class="hps">the entire</span> <span class="hps">I / O module</span> <span class="hps">to determine the</span> <span class="hps">module</span> <span class="hps">interrupt</span><span class="">, </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The disadvantage is the</span> <span class="hps">need</span> <span class="hps">of time</span> <span class="hps">because they have to</span> <span class="hps">identify all</span> <span class="hps">the modules</span> <span class="hps">to determine the</span> <span class="hps">I / O module</span> <span class="hps">that implements</span> <span class="hps">interrupt</span><span>.</span></span></li>
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<li style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><b><span class="hps">Daisy</span> </b><span class="hps"><b>Chain</b>: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span><span class="hps">A</span> <span class="hps">daisy</span> <span class="hps">chain</span> <span class="hps">more</span> <span class="hps">efficient</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">which uses</span> <span class="hps">hardware</span> <span class="hps">poll</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">The entire</span> <span class="hps">I / O module</span> <span class="hps">is connected</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">CPU</span> <span class="hps">interrupt</span> <span class="hps">channel</span> <span class="hps">chain.</span> <span class="hps">If there is</span> <span class="hps">an interrupt request,</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">CPU</span> <span class="hps">will run</span> <span class="hps">acknowledge</span> <span class="hps">signals</span> <span class="hps">running on</span> <span class="hps">the interrupt</span> <span class="hps">line</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">find the</span> <span class="hps">I / O module</span> <span class="hps">that sends</span> <span class="hps">an interrupt</span><span class="">.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><b><span class="hps">Bus</span> <span class="hps">arbitration</span></b><span class="">: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps">In this method</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">first</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">the module</span> <span class="hps">I /</span> <span class="hps">O</span> <span class="hps">gain</span> <span class="hps">control of</span> <span class="hps">the bus</span> <span class="hps">before the</span> <span class="hps">module uses</span> <span class="hps">an interrupt request channel</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">Thus</span> <span class="hps">there is only</span> <span class="hps">an</span> <span class="hps">I / O module</span> <span class="hps">can</span> <span class="hps">interrupt</span><span class="">.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-44995395560444088662013-03-17T13:31:00.001+07:002013-03-17T13:31:36.233+07:00System Design Bus<ol style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><b><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Type of</span> <span class="hps">Bus</span></span></b><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span></li>
</ol>
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<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""><b>Dedicated</b>: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Data</span> <span class="hps">Bus</span> <span class="hps">and Address</span> <span class="hps">Bus</span> <span class="hps">has a</span> <span class="hps">separate</span> <span class="hps">line, </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">the design</span> <span class="hps">is more expensive and t</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">he data transfer rate</span> <span class="hps">is higher.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>Multiplexed</b>: Line</span> <span class="hps">Data</span> <span class="hps">and Address</span> <span class="hps">rolled into one,</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">plan</span> cheaper<span class="hps"> and </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">the data transfer rate</span> <span class="hps">is slower.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6a-irGhWZ7n4AGJrrT0XOoAE2rJZMQgbsbYuuDYHgMIRLrAg2JmS_mndrr3b7Y8My4TuJIOzExdvseTyLLQFxxidwUQRqEpxkSYHEqcfDz6ykXCqXiJa-k-ZjgpPaV5WS-CsHDNdHkPej/s1600/4.11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6a-irGhWZ7n4AGJrrT0XOoAE2rJZMQgbsbYuuDYHgMIRLrAg2JmS_mndrr3b7Y8My4TuJIOzExdvseTyLLQFxxidwUQRqEpxkSYHEqcfDz6ykXCqXiJa-k-ZjgpPaV5WS-CsHDNdHkPej/s320/4.11.jpg" width="320" /></a><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">2. </span></span><b><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Method</span> <span class="hps">arbitration</span></span></b></div>
<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Centralized.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Distributed</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span></li>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> 3. </span></span><b><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Timing</span></span></b></div>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Synchronous.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Asynchronous.</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> 4. </span></span><b><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Bus</span> <span class="hps">width</span></span></b></div>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Address</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Data</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> 5. </span></span><b><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Type</span> <span class="hps">of data</span> <span class="hps">transfer</span></span></b></div>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">write.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Read.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Read</span> <span class="hps">modify</span> <span class="hps">write.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Read</span> <span class="hps">after</span> <span class="hps">write.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Block</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">.</span></span></li>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps"> </span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-69913713844030252082013-03-17T12:59:00.002+07:002013-03-17T13:01:11.710+07:00Physical Characteristics of Memory<ol style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><b><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Volatile</span><span class=""> ~ </span><span class="hps atn"></span><span class="">Non</span><span class="atn">-</span><span class="">Volatile</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span></b></li>
</ol>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>Volatile memory</b>: </span></span>A temporary memory that loses its contents when the computer or hardware device loses power, <span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">memory</span><span class="atn"> </span><span class="">storage</span><span class="atn"> </span><span class="">type is not</span> <span class="hps">permanent</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">. </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps atn"></span><span class=""> </span></span></li>
</ul>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJXaHGp9-NT-mf-UTKsHsPdGwzMmIbHtzkoH_C1tE8f5MBj75m_pi0KXkrbUvr4n2jbvAvRxW_1rBO3_b5PIMi4Jgx4wJKkH-nXEDwPe9PNVoEvGHI21Lh3t2bxCXhS6cdylgYxoky8nbf/s1600/2640489_20121108055656.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJXaHGp9-NT-mf-UTKsHsPdGwzMmIbHtzkoH_C1tE8f5MBj75m_pi0KXkrbUvr4n2jbvAvRxW_1rBO3_b5PIMi4Jgx4wJKkH-nXEDwPe9PNVoEvGHI21Lh3t2bxCXhS6cdylgYxoky8nbf/s1600/2640489_20121108055656.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SDRAM</td></tr>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> Example</span><span class="">:</span> <span class="hps">RAM</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">EDO</span><span class="atn">-</span><span class="">RAM</span>, <span class="hps">SDRAM</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">DDRAM</span><span class="">).</span></span></div>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""><b>Non-Volatile memory</b>: </span></span>A memory that keeps its contents even if the power is lost, <span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">storage in</span> <span class="hps">this type of memory</span> <span class="hps">is</span> <span class="hps">permanent. <a name='more'></a></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Tad80vFQVpXpyQrn8oXm7_183akDO8Ezen8RDe9ktENLYbsIZJKGqhbKVSh_JfltadHpOz3ZP29mjbuBTEw0hPSPXRgfzxdQePljd4xA6Rj6OwlOkDXj0bXSlk7d-XiijzJedgb8XjMX/s1600/promotional-Usb-Flash-Drive-christmas-usb-flash-disk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Tad80vFQVpXpyQrn8oXm7_183akDO8Ezen8RDe9ktENLYbsIZJKGqhbKVSh_JfltadHpOz3ZP29mjbuBTEw0hPSPXRgfzxdQePljd4xA6Rj6OwlOkDXj0bXSlk7d-XiijzJedgb8XjMX/s1600/promotional-Usb-Flash-Drive-christmas-usb-flash-disk.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flash Memory</td></tr>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> Example</span>: <span class="hps">EPROM</span>, <span class="hps">EEPROM</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">Flash</span> <span class="hps">Memory.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> 2. <b>Erasable ~ Non-Erasable </b></span></span></div>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>Erasable memory</b>: </span></span>Can be remove or replaced by another content. Example: <span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">EPROM</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">Erasable</span> <span class="hps">Programmable</span> <span class="hps">=</span> <span class="hps">Read Only Memory</span>) <span class="hps">is removed</span> <span class="hps">with</span> <span class="hps">Ultra</span> <span class="hps">Violet</span> <span class="hps">rays, </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">EEPROM</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">Electrically</span> <span class="hps">Erasable</span> <span class="hps">Programmable</span> <span class="hps">=</span> <span class="hps">Read Only</span> <span class="hps">Memory)</span> <span class="hps">is removed</span> <span class="hps">with</span> <span class="hps">an electric, </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">FLASH</span> <span class="hps">Memory</span> <span class="hps">removed</span> <span class="hps">electroplate.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>Non-Erasable</b>: </span></span>Memory which can not be erased after the manufactured.</li>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyYSSl0-DDyMUmWD6jp_WWFfJ1oWPlAN6KCig2KDtJPeNo1DlliSCv9AnX9PadPFiTSfco9x4K_GtEJqWDJeKSGhquj5G1dM3mgC8xCl40p6ykcM5NK-BPbrDjLUxhGExAOYAWy1vxgrPn/s1600/EPROM+%28+Erasable+Programmeble+Read+Only+Memory+%29.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyYSSl0-DDyMUmWD6jp_WWFfJ1oWPlAN6KCig2KDtJPeNo1DlliSCv9AnX9PadPFiTSfco9x4K_GtEJqWDJeKSGhquj5G1dM3mgC8xCl40p6ykcM5NK-BPbrDjLUxhGExAOYAWy1vxgrPn/s1600/EPROM+%28+Erasable+Programmeble+Read+Only+Memory+%29.gif" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ROM</td></tr>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> Example</span><span class="">:</span> <span class="hps">ROM</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">Read Only</span> <span class="hps">Memory</span>), <span class="hps">PROM</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">Programmable</span> <span class="hps">ROM</span><span class="">).</span></span> </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-78057088833155443762013-03-17T10:58:00.001+07:002013-03-17T11:03:54.070+07:00Computer Generation 1 ~ 5<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
- Computer Generation -1<b style="font-weight: normal;">(1941-1956):</b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnqGkl9tTfMx_ysKiExynPlob8sjSA_RjkVHh71poOlos_ebKIRUwYd6YnM9S5bXWcUgX5LJi-wb6iii4oq1EAUZCkAiNjAWqEE3FCgiIFurDXXcKo2tMZLs5pAHsqw6BhcHMa9HtWPHWD/s1600/image+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnqGkl9tTfMx_ysKiExynPlob8sjSA_RjkVHh71poOlos_ebKIRUwYd6YnM9S5bXWcUgX5LJi-wb6iii4oq1EAUZCkAiNjAWqEE3FCgiIFurDXXcKo2tMZLs5pAHsqw6BhcHMa9HtWPHWD/s1600/image+1.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">IBM 650Magnetic Drum Calculator</td></tr>
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<li style="color: black;">Use of Vacuum tubes and magnetic drums (for data storage).</li>
<li>Larger AC were needed. </li>
<li>Programming in Mechanical Language.</li>
<li>High Electricity Consumption .</li>
<li>Big & Clumsy.</li>
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- Computer Generation -2(1956-1963):<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Computer G-2</td></tr>
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<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The main components</span>: <span class="hps">Transistor.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Higher</span> <span class="hps">processing speed.</span></span></li>
<li>Core Memory was developed.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Smaller size.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"> <span class="hps">Using a</span> <span class="hps">high level programming language</span><span class="">..</span></span></li>
<li>First Operating System was developed.<a name='more'></a></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">separation</span> <span class="hps">between</span> <span class="hps">internal</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">external </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">instruction</span>.</span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span></li>
<li>Magnetic tapes & discs were used.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Communication between</span> <span class="hps">the CPU</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">I /</span> <span class="hps">O</span> <span class="hps">Controller</span> <span class="hps">using techniques </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">interruptions</span><span class="">.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"></span></li>
<li>Computers consumed less heat & consumed less electricity.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Example</span><span class="">:</span> <span class="hps">IBM</span> <span class="hps">7000 series</span> <span class="hps">such as</span> <span class="hps">IBM</span> <span class="hps">7090,</span> <span class="hps">IBM</span> <span class="hps">7094</span> <span class="hps">I,</span> <span class="hps">7094</span> <span class="hps">II</span> <span class="hps">IBM.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"> </span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"> <span class="hps"></span></span></li>
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- Computer Generation -3(1964-1971):</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguK0Of1ztalklCiOcYRuBdbsd8h1n7cTXP48E18t8NduSkUaKDahee53Y9wf9s1HIG_Y5i4eGJ4VpUkcwSD9xOvVH8Y4NTflfZ94ztMrw7h8PWjn6ZCtpR0OL3gkaggtqplcGW9gbDV05r/s1600/image+3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguK0Of1ztalklCiOcYRuBdbsd8h1n7cTXP48E18t8NduSkUaKDahee53Y9wf9s1HIG_Y5i4eGJ4VpUkcwSD9xOvVH8Y4NTflfZ94ztMrw7h8PWjn6ZCtpR0OL3gkaggtqplcGW9gbDV05r/s320/image+3.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Computer G-3</td></tr>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Main components</span>: Integrated <span class="hps">Circuit</span> <span class="hps">from class</span> <span class="hps">SSIC</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">MSIC.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Integrated</span> <span class="hps">Circuit: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Small</span> <span class="hps">Scale</span> <span class="hps">Integrated</span> <span class="hps">Circuit</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">SSIC</span><span class="">) and </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Medium</span> <span class="hps">Scale</span> <span class="hps">Integrated</span> <span class="hps">Circuit</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">MSIC</span><span class="">).</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Memory</span> <span class="hps">used:</span> <span class="hps">semiconductor.</span></span></li>
<li>Power consumption was low<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">. </span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span>High level languages were used.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Microelectronics</span> <span class="hps">technology has</span> <span class="hps">already</span> <span class="hps">established</span> <span class="hps">- </span><span class="hps">gate</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">memory</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps atn"> Cell (</span><span class="">flip</span> <span class="hps">flop</span><span class="">)</span><span class="">.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The introduction of</span> <span class="hps">direct access to the</span> <span class="hps">memory</span> <span class="hps">system</span> <span class="hps">is</span> <span class="hps">DMA</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span>Direct </span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Memory</span> <span class="hps">Access)</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""></span></span></li>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">- Computer Generation -4(1971~):</span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Computer G-4</td></tr>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Main components: the</span> <span class="hps">Integrated</span> <span class="hps">Circuit.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Introduced</span> <span class="hps">microprocessor technology.</span></span></li>
<li>LSI & VLSI Technology used.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Integrated</span> <span class="hps">Circuit</span> <span class="hps">used is</span> <span class="hps">LSIC</span> <span class="hps">(Large</span> <span class="hps">Scale</span> <span class="hps">Integrated</span> </span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Circuit.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"></span></li>
<li>Development of Portable Computers.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Use of</span> <span class="hps">Operating System</span> <span class="hps">better.</span></span></li>
<li>RAID Technology of data storage.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Semiconductor</span> <span class="hps">memory</span> <span class="hps">has reached</span> <span class="hps">a high</span> <span class="hps">density</span> - <span class="hps">RAM</span> <span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">ROM</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span>.</span></li>
<li>Computers started in use for Data Communication.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The introduction of</span> <span class="hps">the concept of</span> <span class="hps">the network, </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Very</span><span class="atn">-</span><span class="">large-scale integration</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">VLSI</span><span class="">)</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en">.</span></li>
<li>Different types of memories with very high accessing speed & storage capacity.</li>
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- Computer Generation -5(~~):<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Computer G-5</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifHHswGv4xto_L4moYCYZF1PDEd-o8rgp-Lcb_9wMOue4aTHKrr4qC2kMEcS_R7cwtFwr5hjWNLoqyiUXLVTB53xvtyLQaMtfS5WqJQVnT9NPsN80f05_iV_2v7H2URnx6N4W1MaUTpeTM/s1600/image5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Main components: the</span> <span class="hps">Integrated</span> <span class="hps">Circuit.</span></span></li>
<li>Used in parallel processing.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Integrated</span> <span class="hps">Circuit</span> <span class="hps">used is</span> <span class="hps">VLSIC</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">Very Large Scale</span> </span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Integrated</span> <span class="hps">Circuit</span>)</span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Start</span> <span class="hps">the introduction of</span> <span class="hps">desktop applications.</span></span></li>
<li>Used in intelligent robots.</li>
<li>Used superconductors.</li>
<li>Used in speech recognition.<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The development</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">microprocessor</span> <span class="hps">technology</span><span class="">.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-7469667925327250412013-03-16T22:38:00.003+07:002013-03-17T11:05:29.640+07:00RAID(Redundant Array of Independent Disks)<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
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<b>Definition RAID</b>: a method of storing data on multiple hard disks and <span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">collection of</span> <span class="hps">disk</span> <span class="hps">drives</span> <span class="hps">that are considered</span> <span class="hps">by the operating system</span> <span class="hps">as</span> <span class="hps">a</span> <span class="hps">single</span> <span class="hps">logical</span> <span class="hps">drive</span><span class="">, </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Redudant</span> <span class="hps">disk</span> <span class="hps">capacity</span> <span class="hps">is used</span> <span class="hps">to store</span> <span class="hps">parity information</span> <span class="hps">to ensure</span> <span class="hps">recoverability</span> <span class="hps">of data</span> <span class="hps">disk</span> <span class="hps">failure</span><span class="">.</span></span></div>
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<li><b>RAID-0</b>: This technique has striping but no redundancy of data. <span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Data</span> <span class="hps">on the track and spread to </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">the entire</span> <span class="hps">disk,</span></span> <span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps atn">RAID-0 has a High-</span><span class="">Speed</span> <span class="hps">Access, </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Data search</span> <span class="hps">performed</span> <span class="hps">parallel and </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Multiple data</span> <span class="hps">requests</span> <span class="hps">do not</span> <span class="hps">happen</span> <span class="hps">in a single</span> <span class="hps">disk.<a name='more'></a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>RAID-1</b>: </span></span> This type is also known as <i>disk mirroring</i> and consists of at least two drives that duplicate the storage of data, <span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Recovery</span> <span class="hps">is</span> <span class="hps">simple and </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Very</span> <span class="hps">expensive, </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">because the cost </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">the</span></span><div id="gt-src-tools">
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span><span class="hps">entire disk</span> <span class="hps">is doubled.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>RAID-2</b>: This type </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">disk</span> <span class="hps">Movement</span> <span class="hps">all</span> <span class="hps">synced</span> <span class="hps">to each other, </span></span> uses striping across disks with some disks storing error checking and correcting information, <span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">stripes</span> <span class="hps">used </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">very small, </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Often</span> <span class="hps">single</span> <span class="hps">byte</span> <span class="hps">/ word, </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Multiple</span> <span class="hps">parity</span> <span class="hps">disks</span> <span class="hps">using</span> <span class="hps">Hamming</span> <span class="hps">Code, </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Redundancy</span> <span class="hps">disc</span> <span class="hps">is still too</span> <span class="hps">much, </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">very</span> <span class="hps">Expensive and </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Rarely used.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>RAID-3</b>: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">There is only</span> <span class="hps">a</span> <span class="hps">single</span><span class="">-disk</span> <span class="hps">redundant</span> <span class="hps">for</span> <span class="hps">all</span> <span class="hps">disks</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">, </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">only use</span> <span class="hps">system</span><span class="atn">-</span>Bit <span class="hps">Parity</span> <span class="hps">for</span> <span class="hps">recovery, </span></span> The embedded error checking information is used to detect errors, <span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">High</span> <span class="hps">Speed</span> <span class="hps">Data Transfer</span> <span class="hps">greatly and </span></span>RAID-3 is best for single-user systems with long record applications.</li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>RAID-4</b>: This type uses large stripes, which means you can read records from any single drive, </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Each</span> <span class="hps">disk</span> <span class="hps">is operated</span> <span class="hps">independently and</span> <span class="hps">not</span> <span class="hps">synchronized</span>, </span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Bit</span> <span class="hps">by</span> <span class="hps">bit</span> <span class="hps">parity</span> <span class="hps">calculated for each</span> <span class="hps">disk, </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Parity</span> <span class="hps">bits</span> <span class="hps">are stored</span> <span class="hps">on</span> <span class="hps">redundant</span> <span class="hps">disk.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>RAID-5</b>: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Parity</span> <span class="hps">bits</span> <span class="hps">spread over</span> <span class="hps">the entire</span> <span class="hps">disk,</span> <span class="hps">including the</span> <span class="hps">redundant</span> <span class="hps">disk, </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Parity</span> <span class="hps">Bit</span> <span class="hps">Allocation</span> <span class="hps">arranged</span> <span class="hps">Round</span> <span class="hps">robin</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">, </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Prevent</span> <span class="hps">bottlenecks</span> <span class="hps">at</span> <span class="hps">redundant</span> <span class="hps">disk and </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Commonly used</span> <span class="hps">for</span> <span class="hps">network</span> <span class="hps">servers.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>RAID-6</b>: </span></span>A second parity scheme distributed across different drives and offers extremely high fault- and drive-failure tolerance, <span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Suitable for</span> <span class="hps">high</span> <span class="hps">volume data.</span></span></li>
<li><b>RAID-7</b>: This type includes a real-time embedded operating system as a
controller, caching via a high-speed bus, and other characteristics of a
stand-alone computer. One vendor offers this system.<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-18857618998123210392013-03-16T21:16:00.005+07:002013-03-16T21:16:54.492+07:00Cache Mapping<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
Definition Cache Mapping: <span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span><span class="hps">To</span> <span class="hps">determine the</span> <span class="hps">link between</span> <span class="hps">the data in the</span> <span class="hps">Main Memory</span> <span class="hps">address</span> <span class="hps">with the address</span> <span class="hps">data,</span> <span class="hps">when in</span> <span class="hps">Cache</span> <span class="hps">Memory</span><span>.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsJ4OinMWcvbpbKUz4mzBVsKg69hOoNkAkMj_tFX8cf0tofZxpch3rreybwzjEZQJ1DEjHpqSUahG4YmqTTNtGv01QtsUBrx6SHr0SoGvCOBQlCQhi-UD4kd0MX0CYuP1b0HOo_6tOtBjE/s1600/sgseg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="44" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsJ4OinMWcvbpbKUz4mzBVsKg69hOoNkAkMj_tFX8cf0tofZxpch3rreybwzjEZQJ1DEjHpqSUahG4YmqTTNtGv01QtsUBrx6SHr0SoGvCOBQlCQhi-UD4kd0MX0CYuP1b0HOo_6tOtBjE/s320/sgseg.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mapping</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV3YKGIx16bTHKAuZpoQ5avzw4xSmJe3RQCrY4pW8PAxG81TtKl0c_SHQqEs8FfgmcErSPxvqJvWA2HnSLL4rpRwGqXpMBkRw9Tb09CfTQ0lbAIb5LI4yR4cbm8MRk7RlUoXMcHYZXKZNT/s1600/sgseg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span> </span></span></div>
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<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><b><span class="hps">3</span> <span class="hps">Mapping</span> </b><span class="hps"><b>Techniques</b>: </span></span></div>
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<li><b>Direct Mapping</b>: a method of storing information for easy access on a computer.<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0M_fHwNSQx2_QEv_3QREjW9XoWeGL96SFgE1w0Sd4OeXCYwD9E0nrGgVdIMN3yShmhE-nTZ-D6KXef2R8Tyx29IYmtR4UjRtkYmmRMdIlhVArVn9ELykFGFlsFcXcLUH27XtS8IH2aK4S/s1600/afawfawd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="68" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0M_fHwNSQx2_QEv_3QREjW9XoWeGL96SFgE1w0Sd4OeXCYwD9E0nrGgVdIMN3yShmhE-nTZ-D6KXef2R8Tyx29IYmtR4UjRtkYmmRMdIlhVArVn9ELykFGFlsFcXcLUH27XtS8IH2aK4S/s320/afawfawd.jpg" width="320" /></a><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
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<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> Properties: </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
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<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Searching</span> <span class="hps">process</span> <span class="hps">the data</span> <span class="hps">in the cache</span> <span class="hps">faster.</span></span></li>
<li>Each piece of data in memory is assigned a space in the cache, which it shares with other pieces of data.<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The data in the</span> <span class="hps">cache</span> <span class="hps">has</span> <span class="hps">a</span> <span class="hps">sequential</span> <span class="hps">slot</span> <span class="hps">number.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">If</span> <span class="hps">often</span> <span class="hps">happens</span> <span class="hps">"swapping</span><span>"</span> <span class="hps">in the cache</span> <span class="hps">it will</span> <span class="hps">degrade the performance of</span> <span class="hps">Cache.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Cache data is constantly being overwritten as new data is needed</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><a name='more'></a></span></span></li>
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2. <b><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Associative</span> <span class="hps">Mapping</span></span> </b></div>
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<b> </b>Properties: </div>
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<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">TAG</span> <span class="hps">the identity of</span> <span class="hps">the memory</span> <span class="hps">block.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Memory address is</span> <span class="hps">interpreted</span> <span class="hps">as</span> <span class="hps">TAG</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">WORD.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Searching</span> <span class="hps">Data</span> <span class="hps">in the</span> <span class="hps">Cache</span> <span class="hps">so slow</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">because the data</span> <span class="hps">is not</span> <span class="hps">cached</span> <span class="hps">in the</span> <span class="hps">sort</span><span class="">.</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Block</span> <span class="hps">data</span> <span class="hps">stored</span> <span class="hps">in the cache</span> <span class="hps">random</span> <span class="hps">and has no</span> <span class="hps">Slot</span> <span class="hps">Number.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> 3. <b>Set </b></span></span><b><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Associative</span> <span class="hps">Mapping</span></span></b></div>
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<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> Properties:</span></span></div>
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<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Each</span> <span class="hps">SET</span> <span class="hps">contains a number</span> <span class="hps">line.</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The cache</span> <span class="hps">is divided into</span> <span class="hps">a number of</span> <span class="hps">SET.</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><b> </b></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-28074630875294330452013-03-16T19:59:00.000+07:002013-03-16T19:59:09.561+07:00Operating System<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>Definition Operating System</b>: Set of programs that</span> <span class="hps">manage</span> <span class="hps">computer</span> <span class="hps">hardware resources</span><span class="">, </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">serves</span> <span class="hps">to control</span> <span class="hps">the execution of</span> <span class="hps">application programs</span> <span class="hps atn">and the "</span><span>interface"</span> <span class="hps">between</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">user</span> <span class="hps">machine</span> <span class="hps">hardware</span><span class="">.</span></span></div>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">Task Operating System:</span></span></div>
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<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Controlling the</span> <span class="hps">computer resources.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Provides</span> <span class="hps">services</span> <span class="hps">for programming</span><span class="">.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Scheduling</span> <span class="hps">program execution</span><span class="">.</span></span></li>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Operating System</td></tr>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">Advantages Use of Operating System:</span></span></div>
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<li>General and can apply to all.</li>
<li>Can allow you to use computer without having the coding knowledge.<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The computer</span> <span class="hps">can be operated</span> <span class="hps">with a</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> more comfortable</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span> <span class="hps">and easier</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Computer resources</span> <span class="hps">can be used more</span> <span class="hps">efficiently</span><span class="">.</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
<li>Supports the hardware of the computer and it enables the execution of short programs of the computer.<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-66721147388166685952013-03-16T19:18:00.003+07:002013-03-16T19:24:16.189+07:00Concepts and Module I / O<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<b>Definition I/O</b>: <span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">A</span> <span class="hps">part of</span> <span class="hps">computer structure</span>, function<span class="hps"> as a gateway</span> <span class="hps">for the CPU to</span> <span class="hps">interact</span> <span class="hps">with their environment.</span></span></div>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>Definition Modul I/O</b>: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">A</span> <span class="hps">hardware</span> <span class="hps">interface for the</span> <span class="hps">system</span> <span class="hps">bus</span> <span class="hps">or</span> <span class="hps">central</span> <span class="hps">switch</span> <span class="hps">and control</span> <span class="hps">one or</span> <span class="hps">more</span> <span class="hps">peripheral</span> <span class="hps">devices</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">these</span> <span class="hps">devices</span> <span class="hps">contain logic</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">perform</span> <span class="hps">the functions</span> <span class="hps">of communication</span> <span class="hps">between</span> <span class="hps">peripherals</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">computer</span> <span class="hps">bus</span><span class="">.</span></span></div>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""><b>Definition Peripheral</b>:</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span> </span>A device that's connected to a host computer<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span><span class="hps">that interacts</span> <span class="hps">with the</span> <span class="hps">CPU</span> <span class="hps">via the</span> <span class="hps">Module</span> <span class="hps">I/</span><span class="hps">O.</span></span><br />
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">There are 3</span> <span class="hps">types of</span> <span class="hps">Peripheral:</span></span></div>
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<li><b><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Communication Computer</span></span></b><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en">: <span class="hps">connection</span> <span class="hps">with other devices</span> <span class="hps">over a network</span> <span class="hps"></span>or another <span class="hps">communication </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">channel</span>. </span></li>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Modem</td></tr>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"> Example: <span class="hps atn">Infra-</span>red, <span class="hps">Modem</span>.</span></div>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"> <b>Machine Readable Peripheral: </b></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Interaction</span> <span class="hps">between machines</span> <span class="hps">without any user intervention</span>. <span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hard Disk External</td></tr>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> Example</span>: hard <span class="hps">disk</span>, <span class="hps">sensors</span>.</span></div>
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<li><b><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en">Human Readable Peripheral</span></b></li>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"> Properties: </span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">device</span> <span class="hps">that interacts</span> <span class="hps">with the user.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Microphone</td></tr>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> Example: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Monitor</span>, <span class="hps">keyboard</span>, <span class="hps">Mouse</span>, <span class="hps">Microphone</span><span class="hps">.</span></span></div>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"> <span class="hps"></span><span class="hps"></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-78703517223678371942013-03-16T14:24:00.000+07:002013-03-16T14:28:43.427+07:00Cache Memory<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
Cache memory is random access memory that a computer
microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM.</div>
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Property:</div>
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<li style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Fast memory</span> <span class="hps">with a</span> <span class="hps">little capacity</span></span>.</li>
<li style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">It could be</span> <span class="hps">placed in</span> <span class="hps">a separate</span> <span class="hps">CPU chip</span> <span class="hps">or</span> <span class="hps">module.</span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Located</span> <span class="hps">between the</span> <span class="hps">main memory</span> <span class="hps">to the</span> <span class="hps">CPU.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> If it finds the
data there (from a previous reading of data), it does not have to do the more time-consuming
reading of data from larger memory.</span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
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<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">How </span><span class="hps">Cache memory works?</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
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<li style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">CPU requests</span> <span class="hps">contents of the data</span>, <span class="hps">from</span> <span class="hps">specific memory locations</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">.</span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Then</span>, <span class="hps">checking</span> <span class="hps">the data</span> <span class="hps">in the</span> <span class="hps">cache.</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">If</span> <span class="hps">the data is</span> <span class="hps">exist</span>, <span class="hps">directly taken</span> <span class="hps">from the</span> <span class="hps">cache</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">fast</span>).</span></li>
<li style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">If there is no</span> <span class="hps">data</span><span class="">, read</span> <span class="hps">one</span> <span class="hps">block</span> <span class="hps">of data</span> <span class="hps">from</span> <span class="hps">main memory</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">cache.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps">then</span><span class="">, the data is</span> <span class="hps">retrieved</span> <span class="hps">from the</span> <span class="hps">cache</span> <span class="hps">to the</span> <span class="hps">CPU.</span></span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-17548609175286862032013-03-16T13:36:00.003+07:002013-03-16T13:44:49.421+07:00External Memory<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> Definition: </span></span>External memory is a type of data storage device for a computer that is kept outside of the computer in its own casing and <span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> the memory used</span> <span class="hps">by the CPU</span> <span class="hps">for</span> <span class="hps">data and</span> <span class="hps">program</span> <span class="hps">storage</span> <span class="hps">purposes</span> <span class="hps">in the</span> <span class="hps">amount of</span> <span class="hps">volum</span>e. <span class="hps">Example</span><span class="">:</span> <span class="hps">Hard</span> <span class="hps">Disk</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">Magnetic</span> <span class="hps">Tape</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">CD</span><span class="atn">-</span><span class="">ROM.</span></span></div>
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<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">External memory</span> <span class="hps">is also called</span> <span class="hps">Secondary</span><span class="atn">-</span><span class="">Memory has</span> <span class="hps">a</span> <span class="hps">relatively large</span> <span class="hps">size of the</span> <span class="hps">volume</span>, <span class="hps">as great as</span> <span class="hps">Tera</span> <span class="hps">Byte</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span>TB), <span class="hps">is used</span> <span class="hps atn">as a "</span>storage" <span class="hps">or storage</span> <span class="hps">of data and</span> <span class="hps">programs</span><span class="">.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Programs and</span> <span class="hps">data</span> <span class="hps">are</span> <span class="hps">stored</span> <span class="hps">normally</span> <span class="hps">in a dormant state</span>, <span class="hps">for example</span> <span class="hps">in the form of</span> <span class="hps">compressed</span>, <span class="hps">or programs</span> <span class="hps">that</span> <span class="hps">have not been</span> <span class="hps">installed.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Having</span> <span class="hps">the data</span> <span class="hps">access speed</span> <span class="hps">is relatively</span> <span class="hps">slow</span> <span class="hps">when compared with</span> <span class="hps">Random Access Memory.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
</ul>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Types of</span> <span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps">External</span> <span class="hps">Memory</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></span></span></div>
<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_314633596" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span></span></a><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Semiconductor memory is an electronic data storage device, often used as computer memory, implemented on semiconductor-based intregated circuit. </span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdY9levtMcLBqfICzmjxxcwxP9FodNbn3z417mFWW95CY6ZXQusEXRA4xHvOeBTbjomNlU7ljmcNK_RjnE65IiRYVPoy1RV_NShbK-QZT9iLWFD3qhiPgK1sBapAemu15AyQJDTlixGqnc/s1600/promotional-Usb-Flash-Drive-christmas-usb-flash-disk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdY9levtMcLBqfICzmjxxcwxP9FodNbn3z417mFWW95CY6ZXQusEXRA4xHvOeBTbjomNlU7ljmcNK_RjnE65IiRYVPoy1RV_NShbK-QZT9iLWFD3qhiPgK1sBapAemu15AyQJDTlixGqnc/s1600/promotional-Usb-Flash-Drive-christmas-usb-flash-disk.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flash Memory</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Example:</span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> ROM</span>, <span class="hps">EEPROM</span>, <span class="hps">FLASH</span> <span class="hps">Memory.</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"></span><br />
<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><span style="color: black;"></span> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"></span><span id="hotword" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">Magnetic Memory is A</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">system</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">of</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">storing</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">information</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">through</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">the</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">alignment</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">of</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">small</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">grains</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">in</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">a</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">magnetic</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">material.</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">Once</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">the</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">grains</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">have</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">been</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">aligned</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">by</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">an</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">external magnetic field </span></span><span id="hotword" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">the</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">information</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">remains</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">stored</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">for</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">long</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">periods</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword">of</span> <span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;">time. </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""></span></span></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class=""> </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps">Shaped</span> <span class="hps">Magnetic</span><span class="atn">-</span><span class="">Disk</span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class=""> </span></span><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class=""> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYPfIC_QLPOANHXMsA48KgaisPUnsH3WbOTzpJvQiN5S2C0Oks7p5ASC7joHSIbCDIuuJ_iXAi7B3g9M_R5k2FpwP1FViJZpb6ROAhkybzFsVqErLKkz0ZSo2tPy6C24IZxkgBvCj1J51z/s1600/hdfloppy5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYPfIC_QLPOANHXMsA48KgaisPUnsH3WbOTzpJvQiN5S2C0Oks7p5ASC7joHSIbCDIuuJ_iXAi7B3g9M_R5k2FpwP1FViJZpb6ROAhkybzFsVqErLKkz0ZSo2tPy6C24IZxkgBvCj1J51z/s1600/hdfloppy5.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Disket</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class=""> </span></span><br />
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<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class=""> - Hard Disk</span></span><br />
<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class=""> </span></span><span id="hotword" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;"> - RAID(Redudant Array of Independent Disk)</span></span><br />
<span id="hotword" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span id="hotword" name="hotword" style="color: #333333; cursor: default;"> </span></span> - Disket<br />
<ul>
<li>Shaped Magnetic-Tape</li>
</ul>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRYEJPv-YvF8bfjFg3tcQ1wg4Y0b89gjTZMiF-bevfGzsKBySuTOwNXozXpZuxqAJNyuVwXRp8-aHKOHiXF0YBCBwhJzHXzAkjzjFn3Wo49OPbZc5Th-389a_ZZwE8qeBLIPhMLuLi-V0J/s1600/Tape-Backup.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRYEJPv-YvF8bfjFg3tcQ1wg4Y0b89gjTZMiF-bevfGzsKBySuTOwNXozXpZuxqAJNyuVwXRp8-aHKOHiXF0YBCBwhJzHXzAkjzjFn3Wo49OPbZc5Th-389a_ZZwE8qeBLIPhMLuLi-V0J/s1600/Tape-Backup.gif" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tape BackUp</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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- Tape BackUp<br />
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""><br /></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-69403654221381020872013-03-16T11:21:00.003+07:002013-03-17T13:00:31.881+07:00Memory Access Method<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">There are 4</span> <span class="hps">Memory</span> <span class="hps">Access</span> <span class="hps">Method:</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span><br /><span class="hps">1.</span> <span class="hps">Sequential</span> <span class="hps">Access</span> <span class="hps">Method</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0fy6bpIO4ZooAeGCuARX2m16z3GC9_sWKKNuJnUJktxwk6KURPUhrkx_DJQU91LTvT7_WHTIGoHVkYYZ2-JJa3riOrFFj-MtZBz-8OJLMWb8rZo1n-ppsADE8ltcwMj6sjVAVbXxzSW7-/s1600/eSATA-USB-Flash,7-E-179114-132.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0fy6bpIO4ZooAeGCuARX2m16z3GC9_sWKKNuJnUJktxwk6KURPUhrkx_DJQU91LTvT7_WHTIGoHVkYYZ2-JJa3riOrFFj-MtZBz-8OJLMWb8rZo1n-ppsADE8ltcwMj6sjVAVbXxzSW7-/s1600/eSATA-USB-Flash,7-E-179114-132.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sequential Access</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
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<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
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<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
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<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Data</span> <span class="hps">access</span> <span class="hps">is very</span> <span class="hps">slow</span>, <span class="hps">because the</span> <span class="hps">data will be</span> <span class="hps">sorted</span> <span class="hps">access</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">serially</span> <span class="hps">one by one</span><span class="">.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Data access</span> <span class="hps">is done</span> <span class="hps">sequentially</span>, <span class="hps">such as</span> <span class="hps">on magnetic tape.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> Example</span><span class="">:</span> <span class="hps">Magnetic</span> <span class="hps">Tape</span>, <span class="hps">Cartridge</span> <span class="hps">Back Up.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">2. </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Direct</span> <span class="hps">Access</span> <span class="hps">Method</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_JblzIA-CK6FSTDqqk_mVf715aDhYBa1nOfYOdUF48sjOqi6CHqZqfjjHPwr0t8n2l1cPgjni_y5AbOxtUwKD0oDaApPIgXpChQmtblcQ2aZ4zOZ4Xz9DZUO_O0YgsWOa4EIFSgD2o7p0/s1600/conplu_shikumi03.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_JblzIA-CK6FSTDqqk_mVf715aDhYBa1nOfYOdUF48sjOqi6CHqZqfjjHPwr0t8n2l1cPgjni_y5AbOxtUwKD0oDaApPIgXpChQmtblcQ2aZ4zOZ4Xz9DZUO_O0YgsWOa4EIFSgD2o7p0/s1600/conplu_shikumi03.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Direct Access</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
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<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
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<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
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<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><br /></span></span></div>
<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span><span class="hps"></span></span>obtain data from a storage device by going directly to where it is
physically located on the device rather than by having to sequentially
look for the data at one physical location after another.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Data</span><span class="atn">-</span><span class="">access</span> <span class="hps">relatively quickly</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">compared</span> <span class="hps">Sequential</span> <span class="hps">Access.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Example: Hard</span> <span class="hps">Disk</span>, <span class="hps">Floppy</span> <span class="hps">Disk</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">floppy</span><span class="">).</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
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<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">3. </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Random Access</span> <span class="hps">Method</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtSXEYmA8IpqliIo_b4uI6ZQX49pJj68vx95iPInmSUCj9s49a3juwEBOAVTH5y_PDPkoZvzDgoY1lkt7FljGW38GBg6Hq2qOvM9KOBrEAtVbCiYgrX8T3wsXYE7oRVc4kAMoM3tUj-9e3/s1600/eSATA-USB-Flash,7-E-179114-133.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtSXEYmA8IpqliIo_b4uI6ZQX49pJj68vx95iPInmSUCj9s49a3juwEBOAVTH5y_PDPkoZvzDgoY1lkt7FljGW38GBg6Hq2qOvM9KOBrEAtVbCiYgrX8T3wsXYE7oRVc4kAMoM3tUj-9e3/s1600/eSATA-USB-Flash,7-E-179114-133.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Random Access</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Address</span> <span class="hps">Decoder</span> <span class="hps">will generate</span> <span class="hps">the address</span> <span class="hps">data to be</span> <span class="hps">accessed</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">Fast</span> <span class="hps">Data</span> <span class="hps">Access</span><span class="">, faster</span> <span class="hps">than the</span> <span class="hps">Direct</span> <span class="hps">Access.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">Example</span><span class="">:</span> <span class="hps">RAM</span>.<span class="hps atn"></span><span class=""></span><span class="hps"></span><span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">4. </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Associative</span> <span class="hps">Access</span> <span class="hps">Method</span></span></div>
<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">Access</span> <span class="hps">Data</span> <span class="hps">conducted by</span> <span class="hps atn">"</span><span class="">compare"</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">which</span> <span class="hps">compares the</span> <span class="hps atn">"</span><span class="">content" of</span> <span class="hps">the data</span> <span class="hps">sought</span> <span class="hps">by the</span> <span class="hps">"key</span><span class="">" of his</span><span class="">, not</span> <span class="hps">based on</span> <span class="hps">address data.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps atn"></span><span class="">If the</span> <span class="hps atn">"</span><span class="">matched</span><span class="">"</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">data</span> <span class="hps">sought</span> <span class="hps">was found</span><span class="">.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Data</span><span class="atn">-</span><span class="">Access</span> <span class="hps">is very</span> <span class="hps">fast.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps">example:</span> <span class="hps">Cache</span> <span class="hps">Memory.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps"> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps"> </span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-20825356941701607322013-03-16T10:14:00.000+07:002013-03-17T13:32:21.078+07:00BUS System<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"></span><span class="hps"></span><span class="hps"> Definition: BUS</span> <span class="hps">is a</span> <span class="hps">means of transporter</span> <span class="hps">/</span> <span class="hps">channel</span> <span class="hps">contained</span> <span class="hps">within a</span> <span class="hps">microprocessor</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span>CPU) <span class="hps">that connects</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">microprocessor</span> <span class="hps">to the outside world</span><span class="">, Only devices addressed by the signals pay attention to them, the others discard the signals.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The</span> <span class="hps">microprocessor</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span>CPU)<span class="">, there are 3</span> <span class="hps">basic</span> <span class="hps">BUS</span> <span class="hps">system</span>:</span></div>
<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> Data BUS (bi-directional)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">Address BUS (uni-directional)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">Control BUS (uni-directional)</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">A .Data Bus </span></span></div>
<ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""></span></span>Handles the transfer of all data and instructions between functional areas of the computer. </li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">The data</span> <span class="hps">bus</span> <span class="hps">is usually used</span> <span class="hps">as a</span> <span class="hps">taxonomy</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">microprocessor </span><span class="hps">concerned.</span></span> </li>
<li>Only transmit in one direction at a time.</li>
<li>Used to transfer instructions from memory to the CPU for execution.</li>
<li>Used to transfer data between memory and the I/O section during input/output operation. </li>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">BUS </td></tr>
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B. Address BUS</div>
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<li>Consists of all the signals necessary to define any of the possible memory address locations within the computer.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Carrier</span> <span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">the address</span> <span class="hps">of the</span> <span class="hps">microprocessor</span> <span class="hps">component</span> <span class="hps">supporters.</span></span> </li>
<li>An address is defined as a label, symbol, or other set of characters used to designate a location or register where information is stored.</li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Supporting components</span> <span class="hps">in</span> <span class="hps">a computer system</span> <span class="hps">must have</span> <span class="hps">a</span> <span class="hps">UNIQUE</span> <span class="hps">address</span><span class="">.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span></li>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">C. Coontrol BUS</span></span></div>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Carrier</span> <span class="hps">signal</span> <span class="hps">between the</span> <span class="hps">microprocessor</span> <span class="hps">control</span> <span class="hps">and support equipment</span> <span class="hps">in the</span> <span class="hps">continuity</span> <span class="hps">of communication</span> <span class="hps">between the</span> <span class="hps">parts of</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">computer system.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class=""> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">Used to transmit a variety of individual signals (read, write, interrupt, acknowledge, and so forth) necessary to control and coordinate the operations of the computer.</span></span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-23114662873624006722013-03-14T11:03:00.001+07:002013-03-16T13:45:37.920+07:00Basic structure Cpu & Control Unit<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><b><span class="hps">CPU</span></b>: <span class="hps">Basic Structure</span></span><br />
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">There are</span> <span class="hps">3 parts</span>:</span><br />
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Control Unit</span><span class="">, used to</span> <span class="hps">control the</span> <span class="hps">operation of</span> <span class="hps">the CPU</span> <span class="hps">and control the</span> <span class="hps">computer as a totality</span>.</span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Arithmetic</span> <span class="hps">Logic Unit</span> <span class="hps">(ALU</span><span class="">)</span>, <span class="hps">serves to</span> <span class="hps">establish</span> <span class="hps">a computer</span> <span class="hps">data processing</span> <span class="hps">functions</span>.</span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Register,</span> <span class="hps">serves as</span> <span class="hps">an internal</span> <span class="hps">storage</span> <span class="hps">for the</span> <span class="hps">CPU</span>.<a name='more'></a></span></li>
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<b><span class="hps">Control</span> </b><span class="hps"><b>Unit</b>:</span> <span class="hps">Basic Structure</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Control Unit Diagram</td></tr>
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps">There are</span> <span class="hps">3 parts:</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span class="hps"> </span></span><br />
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Squencing</span> <span class="hps">Logic</span>, <span class="hps">is the part that</span> <span class="hps">serves to</span> <span class="hps">handle the</span> <span class="hps">control signals</span>, <span class="hps">such as</span> <span class="hps">signals</span>: Clock, <span class="hps">Read /</span> <span class="hps">Write,</span> <span class="hps">Interrupt</span> <span class="hps">Request.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Register</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">Decoder</span>, <span class="hps">is the part that</span> <span class="hps">serves to</span> <span class="hps atn">"</span>decoding" or <span class="hps">translating</span> <span class="hps">code</span> <span class="hps">instruction</span> <span class="hps">to be</span> <span class="hps">executed</span> <span class="hps">immediately</span>.</span> </li>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Control</span> <span class="hps">Memory</span> <span class="hps">is the part</span> <span class="hps">that is used</span> <span class="hps">by the</span> <span class="hps">Control</span> <span class="hps">Unit</span> <span class="hps">to store</span> <span class="hps">the parameters</span> <span class="hps">of control</span> <span class="hps">parameters.</span></span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-29780755215989047382013-03-13T18:34:00.002+07:002013-03-16T08:28:56.629+07:00Basic Structure of Computers<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">There are four</span> <span class="hps">main structures</span>:</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Computer Basic Structure</span> <span class="hps">diagram</span></span></td></tr>
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<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><b><span class="hps">Central Processing</span> <span class="hps">Unit</span> <span class="hps">(CPU</span></b><span class=""><b>)</b>, serves</span> <span class="hps">as the</span> <span class="hps">central</span> <span class="hps">control</span> <span class="hps">computer operations and</span> <span class="hps">processing functions</span> <span class="hps">-</span> <span class="hps">functions of the computer</span>.</span></li>
<li><span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>Main Memory</b>, serves</span> <span class="hps">as data storage</span><span class="">.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"> </span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>I/O</b>, function</span> <span class="hps">to move data between</span> <span class="hps">the main memory</span> <span class="hps">to the</span> <span class="hps">external</span> <span class="hps">environment</span> <span class="hps">or</span> <span class="hps">other</span> <span class="hps">devices</span>.</span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"> </span></li>
<li><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"><b>System Interconnection</b>, serves as a</span> <span class="hps">system</span> <span class="hps">that connects the</span> <span class="hps">CPU</span>, <span class="hps">main memory</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">I /</span> <span class="hps">O.</span></span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14069268597369940682noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8743291416932159215.post-3532024946197949712013-03-13T12:57:00.004+07:002013-03-16T08:29:16.614+07:00 Definition of Computer Architecture & Computer Organization<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
<b> Computer Architecture</b> is Defined As The Functional Operation Of The
Individual H/W(HardWare) Unit In A Computer System And The Flow Of Information
Among The Control Of Those Units, in other words definition of computer architecture <span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">is a part of</span> <span class="hps">the computer</span> <span class="hps">system</span> <span class="hps">attributes</span> <span class="hps">associated with</span> <span class="hps">a programmer, Example: </span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">instruction sets</span>, <span class="hps">arithmetic</span> <span class="hps">is used</span>, <span class="hps">addressing</span> <span class="hps">techniques</span>, <span class="hps">mechanisms of</span> <span class="hps">I /</span> <span class="hps">O.</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Desk Computer</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<b> Computer Organization</b><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> is a part of</span> <span class="hps">the operational</span> <span class="hps">units</span> <span class="hps">and interconnection between</span> <span class="hps">components of the</span> <span class="hps">computer system</span> <span class="hps">in the realization of</span> <span class="hps">its architectural</span> <span class="hps">aspects</span><span class="">, Example:</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps"> device interface</span>, <span class="hps">memory technology</span>, <span class="hps">system memory, and</span> <span class="hps">control signals</span><span class="">.</span></span></div>
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