Sunday 17 March 2013

Computer Generation 1 ~ 5

-  Computer Generation -1(1941-1956):

IBM 650Magnetic Drum Calculator









  • Use of Vacuum tubes and magnetic drums (for data storage).
  • Larger AC were needed.
  • Programming in Mechanical Language.
  • High Electricity Consumption .
  • Big & Clumsy.
- Computer Generation -2(1956-1963):

Computer G-2











  • The main components: Transistor.
  • Higher processing speed.
  • Core Memory was developed.
  • Smaller size.
  • Using a high level programming language..
  • First Operating System was developed.
  • separation between internal and external instruction. 
  • Magnetic tapes & discs were used.
  • Communication between the CPU and I / O Controller using techniques interruptions.
  • Computers consumed less heat & consumed less electricity.
  • Example: IBM 7000 series such as IBM 7090, IBM 7094 I, 7094 II IBM.     
 -  Computer Generation -3(1964-1971):

Computer G-3














  • Main components: Integrated Circuit from class SSIC and MSIC.
  • Integrated Circuit: Small Scale Integrated Circuit (SSIC) and Medium Scale Integrated Circuit (MSIC).
  • Memory used: semiconductor.
  • Power consumption was low.
  • High level languages were used.
  • Microelectronics technology has already established - gate and memory Cell (flip flop).
  • The introduction of direct access to the memory system is DMA (Direct Memory Access).
-  Computer Generation -4(1971~):

Computer G-4
















  • Main components: the Integrated Circuit.
  • Introduced microprocessor technology.
  • LSI & VLSI Technology used.
  • Integrated Circuit used is LSIC (Large Scale Integrated Circuit.
  • Development of Portable Computers.
  • Use of Operating System better.
  • RAID Technology of data storage.
  • Semiconductor memory has reached a high density - RAM and ROM.
  • Computers started in use for Data Communication.
  • The introduction of the concept of the network, Very-large-scale integration (VLSI).
  • Different types of memories with very high accessing speed & storage capacity.
-  Computer Generation -5(~~):

Computer G-5

  • Main components: the Integrated Circuit.
  • Used in parallel processing.
  • Integrated Circuit used is VLSIC (Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit).
  • Start the introduction of desktop applications.
  • Used in intelligent robots.
  • Used superconductors.
  • Used in speech recognition. 
  • The development of microprocessor technology. 
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